High blood pressure, often called the 'silent killer' because it typically shows no symptoms, poses significant health risks for people of all ages. However, effective prevention and management strategies exist, according to the American Heart Association (AHA), which is working to increase awareness and encourage people to take control of their blood pressure.
Hypertension occurs when the force of blood flowing through blood vessels is consistently too high, making the heart work harder and damaging arteries. This increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other health problems. High blood pressure is the leading risk factor for stroke and heart conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Growing evidence also links high blood pressure to cognitive decline and dementia.
Anyone can develop high blood pressure, which is why the AHA recommends that all age groups, including children and young adults, have their blood pressure checked at annual physicals or wellness checkups. For those with a history of high blood pressure or risk factors—such as excess weight, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, lack of physical activity, alcohol consumption, or a diet high in sodium and low in potassium—more frequent measurements may be necessary.
Alarmingly, nearly half of adults in the U.S. have high blood pressure, and many are unaware. Of those diagnosed, about 75% do not have the condition under control. Proper measurement is key: for an accurate reading, sit in a chair with back support and both feet flat on the ground. Use a validated, automatic, cuff-style upper-arm monitor, rest for at least five minutes, support the arm at heart level, and take multiple readings at the same time each day. A normal reading should be less than 120/80 mm Hg.
Recognizing and quickly controlling high blood pressure can significantly lower the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other severe health consequences. If diagnosed, work with a healthcare professional to design a treatment plan that may include lifestyle changes or medication. Prevention is possible through small steps like eating a heart-healthy diet, staying active, and maintaining a healthy weight. For those already diagnosed, at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week, a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean protein, and whole grains, and even losing 5% of body weight can help improve blood pressure. Reducing or avoiding alcohol and tobacco, along with stress-reducing activities like meditation or yoga, are also beneficial. For many, adhering to prescribed medications is essential to control blood pressure and reduce serious health risks.
To learn more about blood pressure management and proper checking techniques, visit heart.org/bp.
