Prof. J. Michael Kosterlitz, awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics, revolutionized the understanding of phase transitions in two-dimensional systems through the discovery of the Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition. This breakthrough challenged the prevailing notion that thermal fluctuations prevented phase transitions in such systems, introducing topology into the realm of physics and paving the way for advancements in superconductivity, superfluidity, and two-dimensional materials.
The KT transition emerged from a collaboration with David Thouless, inspired by experimental results on thin helium films that contradicted existing theories. Kosterlitz's lack of preconceived notions in condensed matter physics allowed him to approach the problem with fresh eyes, leading to the identification of vortex-antivortex pairs as key to phase transitions. This discovery not only solved a theoretical conflict but also opened new avenues for research in topological physics.
Despite initial skepticism, the KT transition gained acceptance as experimental verifications, such as those conducted by John Reppy's group at Cornell, confirmed its predictions. The theory's application to superconductivity and its relevance to quantum computing highlight its broad impact. Kosterlitz emphasizes the importance of fun and curiosity in research, advising young scientists to pursue problems that genuinely excite them without concern for immediate recognition.
The conversation with Kosterlitz underscores the unpredictable nature of scientific discovery and the value of cross-disciplinary research. His work exemplifies how breaking disciplinary boundaries can lead to transformative insights, with the KT transition serving as a cornerstone for future explorations in physics and beyond.
