The consumption of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) has been linked to a range of adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and increased mortality, according to a recent Science Advisory from the American Heart Association. The advisory, published in the journal Circulation, underscores the poor nutritional quality of most UPFs, which are typically high in saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium (HFSS), contributing to excessive calorie intake and poor cardiometabolic health.
Observational studies cited in the advisory reveal a dose-response relationship between UPF consumption and heightened risks of cardiovascular events and chronic illnesses. High versus low UPF intake was associated with a 25%-58% increased risk of cardiometabolic outcomes and a 21%-66% higher risk of mortality. The advisory also points to emerging evidence suggesting that certain food additives and industrial processing techniques may have negative health effects beyond their nutritional composition.
The rapid rise in UPF consumption since the 1990s has disrupted traditional dietary patterns, with 55% of calories consumed by individuals in the U.S. coming from UPFs. This figure jumps to nearly 62% among youth and remains high at 53% among adults. The advisory highlights the disproportionate impact on lower-income families, who consume a higher percentage of UPFs daily compared to higher-income groups.
Despite the concerning trends, the advisory notes that not all UPFs are inherently unhealthy. Some, like certain commercial whole grains, low-fat-low-sugar dairy, and plant-based items, can be part of a healthy dietary pattern. However, the overlap between UPFs and healthier options creates confusion for both healthcare professionals and the public.
The American Heart Association calls for multilevel strategies to address the issue, including refining dietary guidance, increasing research on the health impacts of food additives, and implementing evidence-based policies to regulate these additives. The advisory also emphasizes the need for more research to understand the mechanisms by which UPFs affect health and to determine safe consumption thresholds.
In the meantime, the Association recommends reducing the intake of UPFs high in HFSS and replacing them with healthier options such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and lean proteins. The advisory serves as a critical reminder of the importance of dietary choices in maintaining long-term health and the need for systemic changes to support healthier eating patterns.
